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Dans une lettre ouverte adressée aux dirigeants européens, la présidente de l’ONG Médecins sans frontières (MSF) qualifie vendredi 13 mai d’« abdication historique » des responsabilités européennes l’accord conclu le 18 mars entre Bruxelles et la Turquie pour freiner l’afflux de migrants et réfugiés. La présidente de MSF exprime « sa profonde inquiétude » à l’égard de cet accord qui prévoit le retour en Turquie de tout migrant arrivé en Grèce depuis le 20 mars et n’ayant pas fait de demande d’asile ou dont la demande a été rejetée.
« Alors que nous assistons au plus important phénomène migratoire de ces dernières décennies, l’Europe recule ainsi devant ses obligations légales et morales », déplore Joanne Liu, mettant en garde contre « le signal préoccupant » envoyé par cet accord au reste du monde : « D’autres pays pourraient tenter de se soustraire à leur devoir de proposer l’asile. »
« Pays d’Europe, ces populations ont besoin de votre aide et de votre protection, pas seulement de votre argent. La seconde guerre mondiale est-elle déjà si loin que vous ne vous souvenez plus du besoin vital de fuir les violences et les persécutions ? »
Désaccord sur les visas turcs
En contrepartie du rôle joué par Ankara, l’UE a accepté de verser des milliards d’euros et s’est engagée, pour chaque Syrien renvoyé, à en « réinstaller » un autre depuis la Turquie dans un pays membre, dans la limite de 72 000 places.
La Turquie réclame aussi une exemption de visas pour ses ressortissants dans l’espace Schengen, mais l’UE exige au préalable une modification de la loi antiterroriste en vigueur dans le pays, condition jugée inacceptable par Ankara. Le ministre des affaires européennes turc, Volkan Bozkir, est reçu vendredi matin à Bruxelles par le commissaire européen à l’élargissement, Johannes Hahn, pour discuter de cette question.
Europe, don’t turn your back on Asylum: #TakePeopleIn
We write this letter to you today to share our profound concern that by signing the EU-Turkey agreement you have turned your back on thousands of people fleeing war, oppression, and despair.
The “EU-Turkey deal” effectively outsources caring for these people to Turkey in exchange for, amongst other things, a multi-billion euro financial aid package. In an era of the greatest displacement of humanity in decades, this is a historic abdication of your moral and legal responsibilities.
We have been treating victims of Europe’s deterrence approach to migration for years, in what has become an acute humanitarian crisis on European soil. We’ve reset bones broken by police, treated children shot in the head by rubber bullets and rinsed the eyes of babies doused in tear gas. Instead of focusing on alleviating the crisis, EU and Member States have decided to simply walk away and push it on to others.
This deal threatens the right of all people to seek asylum and violates your obligation to assist each man, woman or child asking for protection. Pushing people back to their country of last transit transforms asylum into nothing but a political bargaining chip to keep refugees as far away from European borders and the eyes of the European voting public as possible. Today, there is virtually no option left for people to safely reach European shores to claim asylum.
In exchange, you have promised “humanitarian” and development aid to fulfill the needs of Syrian refugees and presented these funds as a measure to ease human suffering. But this aid is now conditional on shipping suffering offshore, betraying the humanitarian principle of providing aid based on need alone. By offering billions of euros to care for people out of sight in Turkey, aid agencies may be caught in a dreadful dilemma: should they provide desperately needed aid in service of an anti-humanitarian policy that has the ultimate goal of border control?
There are undoubtedly needs in Turkey, a country already struggling to offer effective protection to nearly 3 million refugees within its borders, but we ask you to separate humanitarian aid from the political agreement.
This deal is sending a troubling signal to the rest of the world: countries can buy their way out of providing asylum. If replicated by many nations, the concept of refugee will cease to exist. People will be trapped in warzones unable to flee for their lives, with no choice but to stay and die. The recent bombing of a camp hosting displaced people near Idlib that killed at least 28 people shows that the concept of “safe spaces” in Syria is not viable.
Meanwhile the official welcome offered by Europe to those stranded in Greece is shameful. In camps on the Greek islands there are virtually no safeguards in place. Women fear to go to the toilet once darkness falls, mothers beg for formula milk to feed their babies, and men of all ages lose their dignity fighting over scraps of food or who is next in line.
European countries, people are in need of your help and protection – not just your money. Is World War II so long ago that you no longer recall the basic human need to flee from violence and persecution when left with no other choice? We understand that meeting the huge challenges of the global displacement crisis has become a controversial political issue, but for us it is first and foremost a humanitarian one, and it should be for you too.
Many of your citizens have risen to this challenge by volunteering to help others, but your leadership has lagged behind for fear of potential political consequences. We appeal to you, the leaders of Europe, to rise to the challenge: use your substantial resources to welcome and offer protection to those who need your help.
Signed,
Dr. Joanne Liu
International President
Médecins Sans Frontières
Groupe Gaulliste Sceaux 